Internet Privacy :: Essays Papers

Internet PrivacyThe e-commerce merchant (Tanaka, 1999). dining table 1 illustrates some types of selective information collected by websites. Table 1Personal Information CollectedType of Information Number of Sites1 Percent1Personal Identifying 335 92.8%Demographic 205 56.8%Personal Identifying Only 132 36.6%Demographic Only 2 .6%both Personal Identifying & Demographic 203 56.2%None 24 6.6%1 Number and Percentage from base of 361 surveyed websites.Source Georgetown Internet Privacy Policy Survey Report to federal official Trade Commission June 1999The consumer may feel a name or address is a small price for the item or piece of information they will receive. Usually, the consumer does not understand or take the time to find out the use of the information after placement in the websites infobase. This electronic data gathering on consumers using the Internet by e-businesses creates the demand.

I. C. T. :: Computer Science

I. C. T.DATA LOGGING AND CONTROLIDENTIFYMy comrade (General Moeen Ahmed Abbasi) who was about to start his production line of manufacturing new fighting jets had asked me to do work him asystem by which he could be able to see how his business was running.The reason for why he had asked me this is that I had my ingest businessof developing new software and hardware.I went to meet him and he told me that he needed such an applicationby which he could be able to see his company details employees details customer details shipping / importing / exporting details sales ExpensesAnd so forth. He precious me to make this system of his ready in twoweeks. This was of course more then enough, but as you should knowthat there are many bulk outside who havent got a clue of what usesa computer is and how to use a computer is absolutely out of question.Now lets get back to the subject, as I was saying that it shouldnttake me too long. The longest it will take me should be no more thanone day to design the database, one day to make it and two days toenter the company information.The manager had told me that to do everything manually would be like amigraine headache, because he also has a hotel that he used to runmanually and therefore had the experience of running somethingmanually is like the horse riding you. So I have planned to bingethe database system into four parts.1. company details (sales, employee details)2. customer details3. shipping details4. queryANALYSEThe to the highest degree suitable pile that I install for this database system isMicrosoft Access. You must be thinking if we have a company ofdeveloping new software then why dont we use our own software, theanswer to this is that we are develop only that kind of material whichis yet not on the market. The reason for why I have chosen thispackage rather than any other package is that firstly this package iseasy to use (a plus point for them), secondly it has several morefacilities and finally I am more fam iliar with this package.For hardware/software there wont be any problems because luckily wehad provided them with this. So the programs (software) will morelikely be the same. so far I will be using Windows XP, Pentium IV asmy processor and I will be using Microsoft Office XP. For backup Ishall most possibly use a CD-RW or a memory card should do.

Social Ostracism in Mark Twains Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay

Social Ostracism in Mark duets Adventures of huckabackleberry FinnIn the words of Pap, You think youre bettern your father, now, dont you, because he groundworkt read and write? (2). In Mark Twains adventure novel Adventures of huckleberry Finn, Huck Finn escapes from cultivated companionship to traverse the Mississippi River. Throughout the book, Twain uses various themes such as social ostracism to comment on human nature and its contri neverthelession in shaping fellowship. Sometimes mainstream society is not as right and moral as it believes, and when individuals try to justify it they push a musical mode their own munificence. Twain demonstrates this through the various lifestyles, comparing the intellects and beliefs of different social classes, and Hucks conforming to each facet of society.One of the first instances Twain uses to portray sociological exclusion reveals itself in the contrast of lifestyles. Throughout his life both prior to and after his murder, circumst ances expose Huck to opposing ways of life including scarcely not limited to rich vs. poor and simple vs. complex. Personifying middle-class society, Widow Douglass acts as a mother figure for Huck, deeming it her duty to sivilize (1) her adopted son, dressing him headspring and sending him to school. On the contrary, Pap observes that Youve Huck put on frills and swears to take him down a peg (14). The two family icons pull Huck in opposite directions, that as influential as they may be, Huck knows he does not have a place in either world. If anything, Huck identifies more with the relaxation of Paps natural way of life than with the materialism of the middle-class of society. Willfully shunning both Pap and Widow Douglas, Huck finds a way to keep Pap and the widow from following him instead of moving far enough off before they missed Huck (31). Furthermore, a contrast of the characteristics of men and women presents itself when Huck attempts a reconnaissance mission as a girl in St. Petersburg. Huck cannot go as himself because society would catch him and return him to what he escapes from, but the way men and women live is different enough that they cannot impersonate each other. Although he practices and thinks he manages, Jims comment that Huck does not walk alike(p) a girl (41) does not do it justice. Almost instantly the woman Huck chooses to question sees through his disguise, explaining that Hi... ...inds a way to fit in precisely to find that he doesnt belongbelonging to all societies, yet none of them. The wholly place where he finds relative peace is on the river. It is the only place where there is nothing to struggle against. Huck is a misfit wherever he goes, rejecting and rejected by mainstream society and every other accepted society that he finds along the river.Throughout his journey, Huck finds different ways of separating himself from society while being a part of it. He sees how quickly life changes and how lifestyles can affect a person. Further set apart by his views, Huck forsakes traditional beliefs for superstition and the balance of luck. Through his journey along the Mississippi River, Huck also understands how much intelligence changes. Feeling no affinity for any aspect of mainstream society he experiences, Huck willingly spurns what he knows as humanity for the society that suits him. At the close of his journey when Aunt Sally makes plans to adopt Huck and sivilize Huck, Huck informs the reader that he has no desire to join high societyhe been there before (220).*The paranthetical documentation is for the Dover Thrift edition of the book.

Teaching Philosophy Statement :: Teaching Teachers Education Essays

Teaching Philosophy Statement I score always love spending time with children. When I graduated from high develop I knew that I would like to work with children in some way, but I didnt think that I would want to become a teacher. The reasons for this were partly because of the pay and partly because I knew that the teaching profession had a lack of opportunity at the time. I decided that I would try social work, but it just didnt seem like the field for me. After taking off from school for a few years, getting married, and having a baby, I realized that I didnt just want a job I wanted to work a difference in the world. I decided that since I loved children and wanted to make a difference in their lives, there would be no better way to do that then to be a teacher. I have decided that I would like to work with young children, 4 and 5 year olds, or special needs children. I have worked with autistic children in the past, and I believe that these childre n, and other children with special needs, and placed here on earth to make the rest of us humble and they are here for us to learn form them. I also believe that they deserve to have every opportunity possible to help them along in this world. I believe that all children have a right to an equal education. Just because a student is slower than another, has a harder time catching on, or a harder time paying attention doesnt mean that they shouldnt be interact equally and be given the same opportunities. I think that has to start when children are young. This allows the opportunity for any problems to be diagnosed earlier, and gives the child more of a befall to catch up with other students. And maybe eventually, the problem can be overcome. I also feel that K-4 programs should be state funded for all children and become a regular part of all elementary schools. I believe this because children who come form higher enlighten families can afford to pay for pre-k and children from lower class families can send their children to head start.

Ibuprofen :: essays research papers

isobutylphenyl propionic acidAbstractThe project that I chose to research was the effect of Ibuprofen on the heartrate of the daphnia. The reason that I chose to do this was be guinea pig many peoplein society use over the counter pain killers without in reality understanding any ofthe long term effects of this medicine other than clearing their aches pains,and swelling. One of the leading drugs on the market today is Ibuprofen whichyou whitethorn know as Motrin or Advil. Both drugs are identical except for quantityand price, and even there it might be the same. The organism I chose to workwith is a crustacean called the Daphnia. Later in this report I will attempt toexplain the significance of that organism and why I chose to fill tests on it.I then, with the information at my disposal, conjured a hypothesis which I wouldtest. Using the materials at hand I, to the best of my ability tested myhypothesis. In conducting the tests I created graphs and tables of my work. Atthe conclu sion of my experiment I came up with an answer that was almostunpredictable with the information that I was using. Although this was a crudeexperiment, I believe that I did gain a lot from it.IntroductionThe drug that I chose, Ibuprofen, is an anti-inflammatory analgesic. Itis propionic acid that is white and powdery, and soluble in water, and organicsolvents such as fermentation alcohol and acetone. (1) Its structural formula is(CH3)2CHCH2 CH(CH3)COOHIts role of action as a drug is not completely clear to the sciences,but that with time will change. One intimacy we do know is that people who haveallergies to Aspirin should not take this medicine. (2) As of now we know that it may play a role in prostaglandin synthesisinhibition. (1) Prostaglandin are hormonal like substances that form in animaltissue from polly unsaturated fatty-acids. (3) They do affect several bodysystems including the central nervous, gastrointestinal, urinary, and internal secretionsystems. It has been shown to have very minor effects on smooth musclecontraction and the clotting ability of blood which we are concerned with.(4)Excesses of these substances may cause pain, inflammation, and fever.It is also an analgesic which is used to reduce or eliminate painwithout causing a loss of consciousness. (4) Another name for these substanceswhich we all know of is a painkiller.A water flea or Daphnia, is a member of the subclass Brachiopod, in theorder Cladocera. They are found in the plankton of open water. (5) What I was

Ibuprofen :: essays research papers

IbuprofenAbstractThe project that I chose to research was the effect of Ibuprofen on the heartrate of the daphnia. The reason that I chose to do this was because many peoplein society use over the counter pain killers without really understanding any ofthe long term do of this medicine other than clearing their aches pains,and swelling. One of the leading drugs on the market today is Ibuprofen whichyou may know as Motrin or Advil. two drugs are identical except for quantityand price, and even there it might be the same. The organism I chose to workwith is a crustacean called the Daphnia. Later in this report I will attempt toexplain the significance of that organism and why I chose to conduct tests on it.I then, with the in digitation at my disposal, conjured a hypothesis which I wouldtest. Using the materials at hand I, to the best of my ability tested myhypothesis. In conducting the tests I created graphs and tables of my work. Atthe conclusion of my experiment I came up with a n answer that was almostunpredictable with the information that I was using. Although this was a crudeexperiment, I believe that I did gain a lot from it.IntroductionThe drug that I chose, Ibuprofen, is an anti-inflammatory analgesic. Itis propionic acid that is white and powdery, and soluble in water, and organicsolvents such as ethanol and acetone. (1) Its structural formula is(CH3)2CHCH2 CH(CH3)COOHIts role of action as a drug is not completely clear to the sciences,but that with time will change. One thing we do know is that people who haveallergies to acetylsalicylic acid should not take this medicine. (2) As of now we know that it may play a role in prostaglandin synthesisinhibition. (1) Prostaglandin are hormonal like substances that form in animaltissue from polly unsaturated fatty-acids. (3) They do affect several bodysystems including the central nervous, gastrointestinal, urinary, and endocrinesystems. It has been shown to have very minor effects on smooth musclecontract ion and the clotting ability of blood which we are concerned with.(4)Excesses of these substances may cause pain, inflammation, and fever.It is also an analgesic which is used to reduce or eliminate painwithout causing a loss of consciousness. (4) Another name for these substanceswhich we all know of is a painkiller.A water flea or Daphnia, is a penis of the subclass Brachiopod, in theorder Cladocera. They are found in the plankton of open water. (5) What I was

Services Marketing Integrating Customer Focus Across the Firm

operate selling integrating customer focus across the firmChapter 01 Introduction to Services Multiple choice Questions 1. (p. 4)In the simplest terms, _____ atomic number 18 deeds, processes and performances. A. Attributes B. dumbfounds C. Services D. Goods E. public financial support obstacle Easy 2. (p. 4)The maintenance contract killered by Sears on its Kenmore refrigerators, dishwashers and microwaves is an example of a(n) _______. A. Service B. Experience C. Attribute D. Good E. Benefit bother Easy 3. (p. 4)When Heather goes to the local gym, she has a personal trainer who helps practice sure she is utilize the equipment correctly.The personal trainer is an example of a(n) A. Service B. Experience C. Attribute D. Good E. Benefit worry Easy 4. (p. 4)M some(prenominal) mess when they go on vacation are choosing to leave their dogs in posh embrace re kinds that offer a variety of activities for the dogs, such as swimming pool frolics, nature walks and hayrides. Dog owners are paying $17 per night for basic embarkment at the pet resorts and up to an additional $20 for the other activities, which would be collectively classified as A. Goods B. Values C. Services D. Satisficers E. Attributes Difficulty Easy 5. (p. )_____ is a key determinant of whether a product offering should be classified as a product or a usefulness. A. Physicality B. Audience passiveness C. Tangibility D. Perception E. Abstraction Difficulty Easy 6. (p. 4)Which of the side by side(p) is an in transparent component of a car repair shop? A. Replacement break ins B. Employee uniforms C. barrelful for storing recyclable motor oil D. The procreation the mechanic has received E. Customer waiting area Difficulty Easy 7. (p. 4)Which of the following is an example of a tangible component forgetd by a hotel? A. Wake-up call B. Guest rooms C. Room assist D. Express check-out E.Guaranteed reservations Difficulty Easy 8. (p. 3, 11)Which of the following is NOT an example of a benefit business? A. Amusement park B. Hotel C. Bank D. Department store E. Soft drink bottler Difficulty Easy 9. (p. 17)Extron Electronics makes coaxial cables for connecting computers to all types of peripheral devices akin printers, modems and fax machines. For the benefit of its customers, Extron provides a laminated tantalize with pictures of all the possible cable connections that a customer could need. With this card, a customer fag order from one to any number of connectors with as many feet of cable as is needed.Orders can be placed using a toll-free number, a fax number or an e-mail address. Company reps are also available 24-hours a mean solar day in case the customer is not sure which drawing on the card matches his or her needs. Orders are shipped within 48-hours of receipt. If a customer is not completely satisfied with his or her order, Extron has a 100 percent cheer guaranteed return policy. Which of the following hacks that has influenced the cultivation o f function market concepts and strategies as illustrated by Extrons focus on customer service? A. The increasing importance of service industries to the U.S. and human race economies B. The increase of regime regulation of service industries C. The growth in information-based engineering science D. Increased competition in professional services E. Manufacturing firms are placing change magnitude emphasis on providing services Difficulty Moderate 10. (p. 7)Which of the following trends has mint awayly influenced the development of services marketing concepts and strategies? A. The decreasing importance of service industries to the U. S. and world economies B. The growth in information-based technology C. lessen competition in professional services D.The fact that manufacturing firms are placing increased emphasis on providing services E. None of the above Difficulty Moderate 11. (p. 8)On his way to work today, Terry saw a billboard for a physicians group that specialized in vascular surgery. In his local newspaper in that respect was a full-page ad for a medical clinic that performed similar surgery. Then in his mail, he got a brochure from yet another medical clinic inquire him if he needed to ready rid of ugly varicose veins. Which trend that influenced the development of services marketing concepts and strategies is illustrated here?A. The increasing importance of service industries to the U. S. and world economies B. The increase of government regulation of professional service industries C. The growth in database marketing D. Increased competition in professional services E. Professional firms are placing increased emphasis on providing services Difficulty Easy 12. (p. 10)Which of the following narrations about services is true? A. A service economy produces services at the expense of other sectors B. Service jobs are low paying and menial C. Service end product is labor intensive and low in productivity D.Service is a necessary evil for ma nufacturing firms E. The skills needed for managing services differ from those used for managing manufacturing businesses Difficulty Easy 13. (p. 14)Without good mailing lists, businesses cannot engage in effective direct-marketing advertising. On just 20 percent of the U. S. population moves annually. Return caterpillar track is a order that provides changes of addresses to businesses. It takes a businesss mailing list, compares it to address changes that it gathers daily in its database and makes any necessary corrections.Return Path is a part of which trend in the services marketing industry? A. The increasing importance of service industries to the U. S. and world economies B. The decrease of human interaction as a top of widespread use of technology-based services C. The growth in the use of technology-based services D. Increased competition in the direct-mail industry E. The fact that direct marketing firms are placing increased emphasis on providing services Difficulty Ea sy 14. (p. 14)Garrett and Hugh were having breakfast when they decided they wanted to have pizza and watch a video that night.Garrett turned on her computer, brought up the site of a local video store and ordered the movie Cold Mountain to be delivered to her limen at 7 p. m. Next she logged on to her favourite(a) pizza restaurants Web site and ordered a large pepperoni pizza and a bottle of her favorite soda to be delivered at 645 p. m. Garrett and Hugh enjoyed their even offing. The next morning the video store had someone pick up their tape at Hughs office. Which trend that influenced the development of services marketing is illustrated here? A. The increasing importance of service industries to the U. S. nd world economies B. The decrease of human interaction as a result of widespread use of technology-based services C. The growth in the use of technology-based services D. Increased competition in the entertainment industry E. The fact that manufacturing firms are placing inc reased emphasis on providing services Difficulty Easy 15. (p. 30)Which of the following statements has been suggested as a plausible explanation for the customer perception that service quality is declining? A. engineering science-based services, which are superior to human-based services, are not being implemented enough B.Services are takeing the playing field and consistently trying to offer the same level of service to every customer C. Companies are decreasing their reliance on self-service and increasing the use of human interaction in the performance of services D. Customer expectations are higher because of the excellent service they receive from some companies E. Even though it is Easy to provide consistent, high-quality service, many companies do not want to do it Difficulty Moderate 16. (p. 30)Which of the following statements has been suggested as a plausible explanation for the customer perception that service quality is declining?A. Increasing use of technology is c omprehendd by many customers as less service because there is no human interaction B. Companies provide unclear tactics for customers to follow when transaction with service providers C. Delivering consistent, high-quality service becomes routine D. Customers have no concept of what conditions produce to quality service E. Too many talented employees are left tangled in front-end jobs that do not challenge them Difficulty Moderate 17. (p. 15)Which of the following statements about how technology has positively influenced service is true? A.engineering provides vehicles for delivering existing services in more accessible, convenient, productive ways B. Technology facilitates basic customer service functions C. Technology facilitates transactions by offering a direct vehicle for qualification purchases D. Technology provides an Easy way for customers to learn and do research about products and companies E. All of the above statements about how technology has influenced service are t rue Difficulty Easy 18. (p. 14)Which of the following statements describes how consumers and employees are responding to technology-based services? A.Services can readily calm fears that privacy may be sacrificed if technology is used B. An infusion of technology can lead to an increase in human interaction C. The payback for investments in technology is a certainty D. Employees are often reluctant to integrate technology into their work lives E. All of the above statements describe how consumers and employees are responding to technology-based services Difficulty Easy 19. (p. 20)The most basic and universally cited, difference between goods and services is A. heterogeneity B. Perishability C. Intangibility D. Comparability E. DivisibilityDifficulty Easy 20. (p. 20)The lineament of a service that means that it cannot be unwrapn, felt, tasted or touched is A. Intangibility B. heterogeneousness C. Divisibility D. Perishability E. Compatibility Difficulty Easy 21. (p. 20)On a recent visit to The Home Depot store, a sales associate greeted Gigi when she entered the store, helped her locate the items she needed to repair her gutters and suggested how she could prevent gutter problems in the future. The assistance provided by the sales associate illustrates the ______ of services. A. Intangibility B. Comparability C. Divisibility D. PerishabilityE. Compatibility Difficulty Easy 22. (p. 20)In India weddings are timed to occur when Venus is in the ascendant and Jupiter is strong. This day is deemed lucky. In 2005, almost 15, 000 couples in brand-new Delhi had their wedding on December 25, the day astrologers announced would be the best day for a wedding. The service provided by the astrologers is an excellent illustration of the _____ of services. A. Intangibility B. Comparability C. Divisibility D. Perishability E. Compatibility Difficulty Easy 23. (p. 20)Last November, Andrew and Jana went to talk to a wedding consultant about planning their June wedding.The con sultant congratulated them on thinking ahead and then began to ask them questions about what kind of wedding they wanted. She gave them a book that contained all the information they needed to plan a memorable wedding. They met with the consultant regularly to talk about how the plans were coming and made more decisions with her help. The consultant helped them with everything from invitations to wedding reception favors. She even went with Jana to select her wedding gown and her bridesmaids gowns. The sort of assistance provided by the wedding consultant illustrates the _____ of services. A. IntangibilityB. Comparability C. Divisibility D. Perishability E. Compatibility Difficulty Easy 24. (p. 21)Which of the following statements describes a marketing moment that results from the intangibility of services? A. Customers participate in and affect the transaction B. Service quality depends on many uncontrollable factors C. Services can be readily communicated D. There is no sure noe sis that the service delivered matches what was planned and promoted E. Services cannot be inventoried Difficulty Easy 25. (p. 21)The characteristic of a service that refers to differences in employees performances is A.Intangibility B. heterogeneousness C. Divisibility D. Perishability E. cooccurring ware and consumption Difficulty Easy 26. (p. 21)The first time Terry brought his car to Auto Lube to have the oil changed he was very satisfied with the service. The service manager consulted him several(prenominal) times darn his car was being serviced, asked him if there were any problems with the car, recommended when additional services should be performed and answered questions directly and politely. However, when Terry went back to Auto Lube after three months to have his oil changed again, he was not satisfied with the service.The manager spoke to him only when he arrived and when he paid his bill. In addition, the manager was keen and unfriendly during the interaction. Terr ys experience at Auto Lube illustrates the _____ of services. A. Intangibility B. Heterogeneity C. Simultaneous production and consumption D. Perishability E. Divisibility Difficulty Easy 27. (p. 21)The first time Alexis went to take golf lessons, she had a golf pro who was very patient with her and who was able to pinpoint what she was doing wrong without making her feel uncoordinated. Her second golf lesson was not intimately as helpful.The golf pro who gave the lesson wanted Alexis to watch what he was doing and imitate his swing. He was unable to verbalize his instructions. Alexiss experience with the two golf instructors illustrates the _____ of service. A. Intangibility B. Heterogeneity C. Simultaneous production and consumption D. Perishability E. Divisibility Difficulty Easy 28. (p. 21)Two roommates both registered for an introduction to business class. At midterm, one roommate found his instructor so boring that he was thinking of changing his major to hi flooring. The oth er roommate had a charismatic t severallyer and get winded forward to going to class.This heterogeneity of instruction demonstrates A. How tricky it is to synchronize supply and demand with service B. That customer service depends on employee actions C. How customers affect each other D. The fact services cannot be readily communicated or displayed E. Why services cannot be inventoried Difficulty Easy 29. (p. 21)Weddings have always been lavish in India. Vandana Mohan is New Delhis most successful wedding planner. The average New Delhi middle-class wedding in 2005 cost $20,000 with one recent wedding costing more than $10 million.Because budgets vary as do the desires to show off ones ability to engage in conspicuous consumption, Vandana Mohan sometimes finds it difficult to maintain his reputation for lavish and beautiful weddings. The problems associated with the planning of weddings illustrate the _____ characteristic of services. A. Versatility B. Heterogeneity C. Simultaneous production and consumption D. Perishability E. Intangibility Difficulty Easy 30. (p. 21)Parents everywhere are very busy and often cannot spend time with their children.In the Netherlands, children who want a bedtime story can call the telephone service and request to listen to one of twenty prerecorded fairy tales. The phone company charges $7 per story. Because of the prerecording of the stories, this bedtime service reduces the problems typically associated with the _____ characteristic of services. A. Versatility B. Heterogeneity C. Simultaneous production and consumption D. Perishability E. Intangibility Difficulty Easy 31. (p. 22)Which of the following is a marketing implication that results from the heterogeneity of services? A.Services cannot be returned or resold B. Services cannot be patented C. Services cannot be inventoried D. Mass production of services is difficult E. All of the above are marketing implications resulting from the heterogeneity of services Difficulty E asy 32. (p. 22)Because of the _____ of services, service producers find themselves playing a role as part of the product itself and an essential ingredient in the service experience for the consumer. A. Comparability B. Intangibility C. Heterogeneity D. Simultaneous production and consumption E. Perishability Difficulty Easy 33. (p. 2)Due to the _____ characteristic of services, customers can affect the transaction and how others perceive the transaction. A. Comparability B. Intangibility C. Heterogeneity D. Simultaneous production and consumption E. Perishability Difficulty Easy 34. (p. 22)The offshore Sailing School in tee shirt City, New Jersey offers a basic sailing course, which takes place in three days over two weekends, for $495. Students enrolled in the course attend classroom sessions that cover the hypothesis and technology of sailing and receive hands-on sailing instructions in the water that introduces them to all fundamental sailing kills. Student participation in t he Offshore Sailing Schools classroom sessions and hands-on sailing instructions illustrates the _____ characteristic of services. A. Versatility B. Heterogeneity C. Simultaneous production and consumption D. Perishability E. Intangibility Difficulty Easy 35. (p. 22)For their wedding anniversary, Beth and twist around wanted to go sky dive. They enrolled in a skydiving class at the local airport at a cost of $260. After a 30-minute training course in which everything that was going to happen to them was carefully informed, Beth and Rick were sent up in an airplane with two skydiving experts.Each was placed in a harness arrangement with one of the experts and did what is called a tandem dive. With a tandem dive, Beth and Rick get to enjoy the experience without having to worry about when to open the parachute. The skydiving expert does that for them. This tandem jump illustrates the _____ characteristic of services. A. Versatility B. Heterogeneity C. Simultaneous production and con sumption D. Perishability E. Intangibility Difficulty Easy 36. (p. 22)Which of the following statements describes a marketing implication that results from the simultaneous production and consumption of services?A. Services cannot be returned or resold B. Service quality depends on many uncontrollable factors C. Employees affect the service resultant role D. Services cannot be readily displayed or communicated E. There is no sure knowledge that the service delivered matches what was planned and promoted Difficulty Easy 37. (p. 22)_____ refers to the fact that services cannot be saved, stored, resold or returned. A. Intangibility B. Heterogeneity C. Simultaneous production and consumption D. Perishability E. Incompatibility Difficulty Easy 38. (p. 2)In India weddings are timed to occur when the stars and planets are in certain positions, which are deemed lucky. In 2005, almost 15,000 couples in New Delhi had their wedding on December 25, the day astrologers announced would be the be st day for a wedding. Wedding planners had to prepare all year for this one date instead of planning lots of weddings throughout the year. The service provided by the Indian wedding planners illustrates the _____ characteristic of services. A. Versatility B. Heterogeneity C. Simultaneous production and consumption D.Perishability E. Intangibility Difficulty Easy 39. (p. 22)An attorney who charges a client for a missed appointment is taking into explanation the _____ characteristic of services. A. Heterogeneity B. Simultaneous production and consumption C. Incomparability D. Perishability E. Intangibility Difficulty Easy 40. (p. 22)Bob Wilson owns and operates Flashdance Skating Rink. Last Monday afternoon, he had rented the rink out for a birthday party that was cancelled at the last minute due to a flu epidemic that had sickened three-fourths of the children who were invited.While Wilson kept the deposit, he did not get the skate rental fees or the snack food money he had anticipa ted from the rental. Wilson lost money as a result of the _____ characteristic of services. A. Heterogeneity B. Simultaneous production and consumption C. Incomparability D. Perishability E. Intangibility Difficulty Easy 41. (p. 20)Which of the following is a marketing implication that results from the perishability of services? A. Service quality depends on many uncontrollable factors B. Employees affect the service outcome C. Synchronizing supply and demand is difficult D. Customers participate and affect the service outcomeE. Service delivery and customer satisfaction depend on employee actions Difficulty Easy 42. (p. 23)Which of the following is NOT an element of the traditional marketing alloy? A. Production B. rate C. Product D. Price E. packaging Difficulty Easy 43. (p. 24)In addition to the elements of the traditional marketing mix, the expanded mix for services includes A. Positioning, personalization and process B. People, corporeal evince and process C. Personalizati on, procurement and people D. Profit, production and psychology E. People, partnerships and positioning Difficulty Easy 44. (p. 4)Which of the following is an example of the people element of an airline companys services marketing mix? A. Pilots B. Baggage handlers C. Customers D. flight of stairs attendants E. All of the above Difficulty Easy 45. (p. 24)Andreason Removal Company removes asbestos from old houses and buildings. Which of the following is an example of the people element of services marketing mix? A. federal official inspectors who check behind Andreasons employees to make sure the job is done properly B. People in the community where it disposes of the asbestos C. Physicians who have studied the dangers of breathing asbestos D.People who hire the company to remove the asbestos from their property E. Suppliers who provide the uniforms and masks to protect Andreasons employees from the asbestos Difficulty Easy 46. (p. 24)When Alicia and Jordan dined at Formia Ristorant e, a contemporary Italian restaurant in New Jersey, they both enjoyed Formias coy, trendy and embracing atmosphere. Formia constructs this atmosphere with a single large dining room that measures 20 by 60 feet and contains 14 roomy tables. Ceiling fans slowly whirl around as candlelight dances across the tables that are attentively cared for by servers.Vertical pink and white florid patterns emerge from old wainscoting. Finally, Formias two-page menu offers guests a range of pasta, chicken, veal and seafood entrees, in addition to nightly specials that are handwritten and presented on large index cards. Alicia and Jordan experienced the _____ element of Formia Ristorantes services marketing mix. A. Product B. Production C. surgical operation D. Place E. Physical evidence Difficulty Easy 47. (p. 24)Ruth recently visited a day care center that is convenient to her work. Ruth is thinking of let the day care workers care for her infant son while she is at work.The first thing Ruth noticed when she walked in the door of the facility was the tint of urine. There was a dead plant in the window. Three babies were crying and no one was paying them any attention. Other children that Ruth could see looked listless. In this example, Ruth experienced the negative side of the _____ element of the day care centers services marketing mix. A. Product B. Production C. Process D. Place E. Physical evidence Difficulty Easy 48. (p. 24)Historically, the Japanese have had poor dental care. As part of their beauty regimen, the Japanese do have a consumption of lighten and whitening their skin.Teethart has developed tooth manicure salons, which allow Japanese to match their teeth coloration to their skin. Each treatment takes place in a small booth, which contains an ergonomically-designed c tomentum, sluggish lights and New Age-style music. The walls are painted calming shade of blues and greens. Teethart uses the _____ element of its service to reduce stress associated with dental procedures. A. Product B. Production C. Process D. Place E. Physical evidence Difficulty Easy 49. (p. 24)Historically, the Japanese have had poor dental care.As part of their beauty regimen, the Japanese do have a habit of lightening and whitening their skin. Teethart has developed tooth manicure salons, which allow Japanese to match their teeth coloration to their skin. A personalized whitening mouthpiece is developed for each patient. The mouthpiece is placed around the teeth and a cleaning solution is added. The patient listens to soothing music and sits in a comfortable chair while his or her teeth are whitened. Monthly treatments in this spa-like environment reflect the _____ element of Teetharts service mix. A. Product B. Production C. Process D. Place E. PromotionDifficulty Easy 50. (p. 24)Yesterday, mike went to the dentist for his 6-month check-up. Two weeks before he went to the dentist, he called the office to make an appointment. The day before his check-up, the offices receptionist called him to confirm his appointment. When Mike arrived at the office, he checked in with the receptionist and then waited in the waiting room for 15 minutes, reading a magazine, before being greeted by the dental hygienist, who escorted him to an examination room. The dentist entered the room, greeted Mike, examined Mikes teeth, took a circumstances of x-rays and asked the dental hygienist to clean Mikes teeth.When his teeth were cleaned, the hygienist told Mike he should return in 6 months for another check-up. Mike experienced the _____ element of the dental offices services marketing mix. A. Product B. Personalization C. Process D. Place E. Physical evidence Difficulty Easy True / False Questions 51. (p. 6)Corn, bricks and paper clips are three examples of tangible dominant products. adjust Difficulty Easy 52. (p. 5)According to the concept of derived services, the value derived from physical goods is really the service provided by the good, not the good itself. TRUE Difficulty Easy 53. (p. 0)The development of services marketing concepts has been strongly influenced by professional services like doctors and attorneys. TRUE Difficulty Easy 54. (p. 12)Despite the importance of services and the bottom-line profit possible for services, consumers perceive that overall the quality of service they are receiving is declining. TRUE Difficulty Easy 55. (p. 10)The deregulation of industries has actually lessened the demand for services marketing skills. incorrect Difficulty Easy 56. (p. 16)Technology is creating a demand for ethnocentric services. delusive Difficulty Easy 57. (p. 7)All businesses and organizations that operate on the Internet are essentially providing a service. TRUE Difficulty Easy 58. (p. 22)Because a product is tangible, it cannot be inventoried. FALSE Difficulty Easy 59. (p. 22)Because the production and consumption of services is simultaneous, the mass production of services is difficult. TRUE Difficulty Easy 60. ( p. 22)A primary issue that marketers face in relation to service perishability is ensuring service quality over time. FALSE Difficulty Easy 61. (p. 21)Pricing is easier when marketing services than when marketing goods. FALSE Difficulty Easy 62. p. 24)The seven elements of the marketing mix for services are product, promotion, place, price, process, physical evidence and people. TRUE Difficulty Easy Short Answer Questions 63. (p. 4)What do deeds, processes and performances have in common? Those words together define what a service is. Difficulty Moderate 64. (p. 4)What do tax preparation services, law offices, dental practices and architects have in common? They are all industries classified as part of the service sector. Difficulty Moderate 65. (p. 6)What is the key determinant of whether a product is a good or a service? Its intangibility.Difficulty Moderate 66. (p. 6)Luke Rison has developed a great new abrase therapy that can completely alleviate the pain produced by the typica l migraine headache. He wants to patent his massages. What is wrong with this plan? A massage is a service. Services are by definition intangible. Intangibles cannot be patented. Difficulty Moderate 67. (p. 6)Weight loss centers provide moral support and weight-loss aids to those who believe they need to diet. The centers often use before and after pictures of their most successful cases to overcome problems associated with which service characteristic?Intangibility. Difficulty Moderate 68. (p. 20)Keith overheard two women study the way the dog groomer clipped their poodles. One claimed the groomer did not cut the hair between her dogs toes as was advertised, but that everything else about the cut was perfect. The other groused that the groomer left the hair on her dogs tail too long, but at least the hair on his feet had been cut. Which characteristic of service were the two women treating? Heterogeneous. Difficulty Moderate 69. (p. 21, 22)Briefly explain why it is impossible to mass produce a service.Services are typically produced and consumed at the same time. Difficulty Moderate 70. (p. 22)Imagine you own an ice skate rink that operates in Aspen, Colorado. What is your primary concern when considering service perishability? Your inability to create an inventory when demand for your service is low. Difficulty Moderate 71. (p. 22)Maria Kingsley is a outcome teller. She is concerned because today two of her clients missed their appointments to have her read their Tarot cards and she had plans for the money she would have earned. With which characteristic of services is Kingsley most concerned?Perishability. Difficulty Moderate 72. (p. 24)A service provider is studying other services to see how they achieve and maintain service quality. The service provider has looked at nurses, concierges, massage therapists and department store customer service representatives. With which element of the services marketing mix is the service provider concerned? People. Di fficulty Moderate 73. (p. 24)Which elements of the services marketing mix are influenced by the techniques used to recruit and train new employees as telemarketers? People and process. Difficulty Moderate 74. (p. 4)Which element of the services marketing mix is influenced by the health inspectors report that is prominently displayed in all restaurants? Physical evidence. Difficulty Moderate 75. (p. 24)Which elements of the services marketing mix is being used when the hombre preparing pizzas in the front window of an Italian restaurant tosses the pizza dough in the air? People and process. Difficulty Moderate 76. (p. 24)An airline is concerned with whether its passengers are satisfied with how their luggage is handled before, during and after a flight. With which element of the services marketing mix is the airline concerned?Process. Difficulty Moderate 77. (p. 16)How are customers and employees responding to the proliferation of technology-based services? Technology is providing v ehicles for delivering existing services in more accessible, convenient, productive ways. Technology facilitates basic customer service functions such as bill paying and order tracking. Technology also facilitates transactions by offering a direct vehicle for making purchases. Technology also gives customers access to a wealth of information. Through self-service technologies, customers can serve themselves more effectively.On the downside, customers worry about privacy and the confidentiality of their personal information. Customer technology readiness is also an issue with some customers who prefer to be laggards. With technology infusion, there is a loss of human interaction, which may be seen as a negative by both customers and employees. For employees, technology can provide tremendous support in making them more efficient and effective in delivering services. Customer relationship management and sales support software are broad categories of software that can aid front-line em ployees in providing better service.Employees can use the information available through technology to customize services and create greater customer satisfaction. Not all employees are eager to integrate technology into their work life either because they dont want to change or they dont see value in the new technology. Difficulty Challenging 78. (p. 17)What does it mean when someone says, The Internet is a service? All businesses and organizations that operate on the Internet are essentially providing services-whether they are giving information, performing basic, service functions or facilitating transactions.Thus, all the tools, concepts and strategies learned in studying services marketing have direct industry to e-business. Although the Internet has changed how people do business and what offerings are possible, it is clear that what customers still want is basic services. Difficulty Challenging 79. (p. 20-22)List the four characteristics of service and discuss how each would impact the marketing of a chain of fitness centers that is being started by six former Olympic athletes. Student answers will vary.They need to look at intangibility, heterogeneity, simultaneous production and consumption and perishability issues and relate each to its marketing implications listed in Table 1. 2. The following is a possible answer. Intangibility-If they develop some fantastic weight-training or aerobic exercise program, they cannot be patent it. Moreover, it could be easily copied by competitors. The service itself is difficult to promote because they can only show the results of using their fitness center.Pricing will also be complex because of the intangibility of service-people have to believe they are getting their moneys worth. Heterogeneity-Employees must be carefully trained and even then inconsistency of service is a possibility, especially if an employee has to work overtime. There are many uncontrollable factors that determine the effectiveness of the fit ness center, including the motivation level of the customers. There is no way the athletes can be sure customers are receiving the services exactly as they are being promoted-what if an aerobics instructor is sick.Simultaneous production and consumption-Patrons who sign up but dont attend miss the benefits of the program as do patrons who talk others into boycotting instructors who require a full commitment. Employees who are not perpetrate to fitness and miss exercise classes also can cause problems. Perishability-Fluctuating attendance in terms of time of day and day of week will make it difficult to provide the service. If members are not there at the time the class is offered, that class cannot be resold. Difficulty Challenging 80. (p. 24, 25)Stakeholders are defined as all the people who have an interest in the success or failure of a firm.With this definition in mind, comment on the following statement All stakeholders are a part of the people element of the services marketin g mix. People who would have an interest in the success or failure of an organization would include its employees, suppliers, stockholders, distributors, legislators and government officials, consumer advocates and people in the community. The people element includes all human actors who play a part in service delivery. Therefore, the two terms are not typically synonymous. The people element of a service is limited to employees and customers. Difficulty Challenging

Critical Lense

Thomas De Quincey once verbalise all that is literature seeks to communicate forcefulness. An author communicates a form of power to others through his/her works. Every piece of literature carries a strong message. These messages foundation open a persons eyes and mind to a raw perspective. It can also point out things that expect repeated throughout history, like discrimination and hatred towards a certain race or what dear can do for tribe. These messages could show what most people dont see.Literature works such as To Kill A Mockingbird, by harpist lee, and A Thousand Splendid Suns, by Khaled Hosseini, have a very strong message underneath. In To Kill A Mockingbird, by Harper Lee is a great novel or so discrimination and injustice towards a certain race. This is a great novel about a particular trial, where genus Atticus Finch, a good lawyer, defends Tom Robinson, whose being accused of raping a young white girl. Tom Robinson is a black man, who has done nothing wrong except is being accused of raping someone just because of his skin color.It did not matter what the black man said back than. Whatever the white person said was al styluss right. One of the themes for this book is the dwellence of social inequality. The social status of Maycomb was very complicated. At the top you had the Finches, than the Cunninghams, than the Ewells, which were considered white trash. But all the way below the Ewells were the blacks. As you can see, the blacks were below the white trash, they were at the very bottom of the social ladder. This really did effect the society in Maycomb. It divided people up into certain groups.Since the Ewells were above the blacks, it gave them the power to persecute Tom Robinson, an innocent black man. A Thousand Splendid Suns, by Khaled Hosseini, is a story about two women and their lives in Afghanistan. These two women with different ideas about sprightliness are brought to abbreviateher by war and loss. As they go through all t he dangers that life has brought upon them, they create a strong relationship. They create a mother-daughter and kind of sisters bond. Their abusive husband and the dangerous streets of Kabul have brought them together.This book shows how someones fill in for her family can move this person to shocking self-sacrifice. And the key to surviving all of this is love. Through the theme of female bonds, you can see what the bond of love can do for a women. The efforts of their husband and the government to keep women from having power as much as possible does not work. They form great, strong bonds that give them trustingness and strength to fight back. Laila and Miriam form this strong bond together. They both have support in one another. Towards the end, Miriam finally had the strength to fight Rasheed.She did not get this from herself, but from the confidence and love from Laila. As you can see, both of these great novels have a strong message underneath. One of the messages is that social inequality does exist and does destroy peoples lives. The other message is that bonds can give people strength and confidence, which gives them the ability to step up. Love is they key survival of these bonds. Women forms these bonds and have each others support and love to give them strength to do more in their life and also to self-sacrifice. Both of these messages have undefendable peoples eyes to new point of views.

A Revolutionary People at War

Rightfully taking its place on the bookshelf next to Alexis-Charles-Henri Clerel de Tocquevilles (1805 to 1859) Democracy in America and Howard Zinns A Peoples recital of the United States (1980), Charles Roysters classic study A Revolutionary People at War (Chapel Hill, 1996) takes us once more through an emotionally move panoramic view of the Revolutionary War and the people who fought it.In a similar vein to Zinn, Roysters book focuses on the political and cultural forces that have arguably remained somewhat at the heart of the American function. Royster as well, is never too shy about informing us just what made us who were are, and how we came to make ourselves in the process. Although it is non always pleasant to hear, he never fails to tell us the truth.This is a book about how the Revolutionary War came to shape the character of the American people and not the other way around. It is about broken promises, fear and suspicion, and then it is about the broken hearts of so many allegiant American soldiers who left the battlefield, some of them after eight long agonizing years of war, truly feeling as if they had been betrayed by their country.They could not have matte up much unlike many Americans must feel today. We are also living though an era when families of fighting men and women in Iraq have oft expressed feeling alienated by their own country while the burden of fighting this war seems to have rested solely upon their shoulders. The emotions felt by many who fought in the Revolutionary war could not have been much unlike the feelings of so many Viet Nam era combatants, who set about down a consummate guerilla soldiery in a foreign land with no clear purpose in mind only to return home and be spat upon and treated like criminals by their own people.The only difference here is that there was indeed a clearly defined purpose for the revolutionary colonist to throw off the yoke of British colonialism. If there was one thing that 75% of the colonialist could agree upon, it was that they were sick of British taxes and British rule. They ultimately took up arms and fought with honor. However, before the war was over the burden had become too capital for some to bear.In the beginning, the war had promised the fighting men glory beyond everything else, because at the heart of the mounting revolutionary sentiment was an undeniable star that the nation was offering them a dual immorality in heaven and posthumously (p.32). In the end though, the nation had largely disparaged and then abandoned them altogether.Roysters book is about the clamor for resistance that got us into war in the first place, and the wiz of betrayal that many soldiers in the Continental soldiers felt afterwards. It is about the sense of fear and suspicion that the citizenry grew to feel towards the soldiers who were raiding their farms and confiscating their wagons and life gunstock at will, all throughout the war (52).Yet, it is also about an offi cer or two, who ultimately left the battlefield feeling beset with a sense of anger and then the looming sense of dishonor that would accompany them at the end of the war. It is about the resentment of the solider towards the Continental Congress for not doing the right thing by awarding them the pay that they deserved, after putting them in harms way.Yet it is also about the riotous manner in which a portion of men brought dishonor upon themselves. Royster presents the Clausitzian apprehension of the natural Trinity, framing a primordial surge towards violence, hatred, and enmity, and the effect that this came to have upon three contentious forces of our society the army, the Continental Congress, and the people, all of whom conspired in their own egoism to drive the nation to war.He presents the evidence and then he lets the reader decide for themselves. This is because in the end, it is really up to us as a billet of this great experiment to deicide how we view the motives of each of them.A Revolutionary People at WarIt was the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War and first blood had been drawn at Lexington. Once Lexington had served to bring out the capabilities of the Redcoats against the fragile reservess of the colonies, the need for an armed defense for on a national scale was imperative.On the 4th of 1775, the Continental array was founded and the Americas decided to enter into a battle that would go on for eight years (Wright 1983). Congress gave George Washington the authority to not only lead the Continental Army, but the powers granted to George Washington were those that would be granted to a British Commander, as well as those that a Colonial Governor would hold.In his book A Revolutionary people at war, Charles Royster not only elaborates upon the varying aspects of the Continental Army, but also makes use of statistics to strengthen the contents of the book (Royster 1996). According to Royster, the Continental Army was one of the b est armies that the United States fielded.It was an army that defined success in terms of the authentic sense of the word since it learnt its lessons for any and all shortcomings that it held. It was an army that chose to take on the opponent even though it was well aware of the fact that it severely lacked manoeuvering and expertise. But as Royster notes, the men were dedicated and voluntary to go into battle under the leadership of their major-generals and the brigadier-general for the sake of the safe keeping of their country.The attempt that Royster has made in his book A Revolutionary people at war is to determine the true emotion of nationalism that prevailed amongst the people of that time. Royster has made this possible by delving into the emotion that existed in the Continental Army and the obstacles that the army faced in the many battles it fought and how it evolved into the refined fighting mechanism that eventually defeated the Redcoats.In the beginning, the Congress did not desire for the Continental Army to become a invariable army and wages were established on the basis of short term enlistments. The Continental Army had its roots deep with the inclinationlism. However, the fact remains that one finds it backbreaking to come to a conclusion without feeling that Royster overstates the very concept of idealism and gets carried away with his the very subject of his own book.When the American Revolutionary War began in April 1775, the revolutionaries of the colonial front did not have an army to defend them. The closest thing to an army that they had was the only available fighting force which was composed of part time soldiers. These part time soldiers constituted the individual militia of each colony.However, it has been recorded in many history books that colonies had begun to carry out attempts to train their militia in light of growing tensions between the colonies and Great Britain. Colonies began to bring about steady changes in the w ay their militia operated in order to attempt to train them to an extent where they can ward of any unforeseen attack by the Redcoats.In 1774, Colonist Richard Henry had put forth the idea of creating a national militia. It was suggested that this militia would be held under one flag which would represent the colonies on a united front if the colonies were to experience an attack by external elements. However the idea was rejected by the First Continental Congress and the result was that the first line of defense against the Redcoats found itself severely outnumbered and caught unaware.The Redcoats had been trained for battle through the numerous battles that they had been fighting on numerous fronts for the last few decades whereas the militia was not in any way prepared to face such a passing trained enemy in the battle field.But Royster is immaculate in his attention to detail and does not show bias in his book as he boldly writes of the several developments that took place in t he Continental Army as well as in the war that were in complete deviation from the ideology upon which it had begun.Royster uses historical facts and figures to highlight how the war was fought by the brave men of the Continental Army and how the war evolved into a scenario where certain colonies began to establish arms trade with the enemy and how the war became a business venture for suppliers of war material. Yet, Royster makes sure that at no point does the reader forget that the men of the Continental Army did not lose sight of their mission and continued to struggle on through thick and thin.Roysters accounts of the Continental Army are accurate in the experience that the battalion of men that was referred to as the Continental Army was in fact a flag under which the group of men continuously changed as more men lost their lives and losses were replaced by more men. However, one advantage that the Continental Army had over their oppressors was that they knew the lay of the la nd. This was a factor that the Continental Army learned to benefit from as the war progressed.

A Reflective Report on Interpersonal Management Essay

The purposes of this rise is to analyse the improtances of social management skills for boffo management, and to reflect on a literal social cultural based difference throng have personally get windd and how develop the cross cultural sensation for more effective management.Interpersonal management skills for successful managementIn the last decade, with the fast development of the business in the world, the interpersonal management skills have become important progressively both for person and organisations. The definition of interpersonal management skills is the feeling and behavior that exist within all of people and influence proples interaction with others (John, 2002). For everyone, a good interpersonal management skills is very important whether managers, co encounterers, clients or families. Therefore, interpersonal management skills are also essential for the successful management. In the following, this part of essay will analyse the impressivenesss of interperso nal management skills for successful management and consider how to develop self-management skills.The importances of interpersonal management skills are mainly contain three aspects for successful management. First of all, good interpersonal management skills will decrease the workplace conflict (Pedler et al, 2013). According to survey, true interpersonal management skills will improve unequivocal talks, reduce stress situation and promote workplace understanding in management (Pedler et al, 2013). In a organisation, it always has many kinds of conflict between employees and employees, employees and imployers. If without these skills, traffic inside an organisation become hostile, leading to the low talent of work. Therefore, true interpersonal management skills are necessary for a good management skills. In addition, mitigate interpersonal management skills can promote the police squad work in a business (Cottrell, 2003). In the organisations, team work is neccesary and alwa ys happens. period during the team work, good communication will influence its efficiency.However, better interpersonal management skills will achieve the good communication, because those skills can buffer conflicts to achieve efficiency communication (Cottrell, 2003), thereby achieving the successful management. Finally, immobile interpersonal management skills can make people get more advancement opportunities in the business (Mitchell, 2013). strong interpersonal management skills make people communicate employees, coworkers and upper management better, leading to people to work eficiency and help them to get success at work through the relationships (Mitchell, 2013). Through these skills, people can get better communications and relationships with boss, upper management and coworkers, thereby achieving the advancement opportunities. Thus, these skills are important for the successful management.Because of the importances of the interpersonal management skills for successful m anagement, the method actings about how to develop self-management skills are becaome very important. Firstly, the occasional conflicts are inevitable at work, thus people should know how to manage conflicts sedately and considerately (Johnson, 2014). This is a valuable interpersonal management skills and self-management skills to show the tolerance and prove handy on the job. Secondly, a positive attitude will be the true self-management skills, because the active displays of enthusiasm, can-do spirit and optimistic attitude can make people a delight for everyone at work to be nearly (Johnson, 2014). finally, the efficiency communications are also very important for self-management skills, because it can make people understand each other better, and then cooperate better (Johnson, 2014).In conclusion, the interpersonal management skills are important for successful management because of their useful functions and benifits. Therefore, developing the self-management skills also shou ld be paid more attention.Verbal interpersonal cultural & Cross cultural awarenessIn modern society, interpersonal communications refer to communication betwee two or more people. Meanwhile the verbal interpersonal communication is one of the major element for interpersonal communication, such as sounds and word choice, and it is the oral, spoken and unwritten way of the communication (Beebe, 2002). During the process of communication, some people will meet the situattion about the cross-cultural. cross-cultural can be specify as the interaction and comparison of varied cultures (Beebe, 2002). Therefore, the verbal interpersonal communication and cross cultural awareness will be useful. In the following, I will reflect on the verbal interpersonal cultural based my experience and analyse how to develop cross cultural awareness.Due to the cultural differences, some people who come from different counties will often have some error in the team work or cooperation. I also meet this kind of problems in the presentations teamwork. In the process of cooperation, we have a lots of verbal communication, while some questions have different means for us. For example, where are you going? and do you eat dinner?, all of these questions are exclusively greetings, but for my team members, these questions are their privacy. Thus, these communication and cultural barriers always happen in this process because of the different culture. communication and cultural barriers can be defined when a person of one culture encounters the beliefs and resulting actions of another culture, there may be a clash. (Vulcan, 2014). After that, I check and learn the countries custom and habits of my team members on the Internet to make me avoid these awkward situations.Because of the importance of cross cultural awareness, people should know howto develop it. First of all, we should communicate with other countries people frequently such as Facebook, Twitter, E-mail (Botha et al, 2009). In my expirience, I also made some different countries friends in Facebook to increase my cross cultural awareness. I often contact with them, and understading each of our culture and custom. Therefore, in my opinion, I increased much expirience of cross-cultural communication and scope of knowledge recently. Thus, this is a useful method for developing cross cultural awareness.Secondly, in the process of learning, we should cooperate with people who come from different cultural and countries, such as doing the presentation together and dissertate projects together (Botha et al, 2009). I also often cooperate with different cultural and countries students. During cooperating, I learn a lot of cross-cultural and their habits, my cross cultural awareness was developing gradually. Therefore, all of these behaviour will help us to develop the cross cultural awareness effectively for more effective management.To sum up, because of the importance of verbal communication and cross-cultural aw areness, people should know and understand more knowledge on these. Because they will help people to communicate and cooperate with different cultural and countries people better.ReferencesBeebe, S., (2002), Interpersonal Communication Relating to Others, American communication journal. Volume 5, Issue 3, p428. Botha, A. & Vosloo, S., (2009), meliorate Cross-Cultural Awareness and Communication through Mobile Technologies, internationalist Journal of Mobile and Blended Learning, 1(2), 39-53. Cottrell, S., (2003), Skills for Success. New York Palgrave Macmillan Johnson, W.D., (2014), List of Interpersonal Skills on the Job. Available at http//www.ehow.com/info_8504944_list-interpersonal-skills-job.html John, H., (2002), Interpersonal skills at work 2nd edn. New York Routledge. Mitchell, S., (2013), Improving interpersonal management skills. Available at https//www.i-l-m.com/Insight/Edge/2013/May/improving-interpersonal-managemen

Momentum trading and Business Cycle Risk: Evidence from BRIC Countries

1. Introduction.BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China) countries are growing at an alarming value. This growth can be attributed to a number of factors including globalisation, financial liberalisation which has led to an increase in cross-border capital flows, technological developments and the internet. These countries are forecast to witness tremendous growth in the old age ahead. The alarming growth of BRIC countries has attracted investors in search of suitable environments for portfolio diversification to consider BRIC countries as potential destinations for diversifying their portfolios.This paper presents a proposal to memorise the link amongst business beats and momentum calling in the BRIC old-hat markets. The paper aims at understanding how business cycle fortune affects momentum acquire in BRIC countries. The study also seeks to provide an understanding of how momentum makes are affected by unswerving specific characteristics such as firm size of it and book- to-market ratios in BRIC countries.2. Objectives of the studyThe objective of the study is to determine the impact of business cycle risk on momentum profits and thus momentum trading in BRIC countries. Research QuestionsThe study aims at answering the following questionsAre there momentum profits in the store markets of BRIC countries If so, what is the impact of Business calendar method of birth control risk on these profits What are the regulatory implications of momentum profits in BRIC countries Significance of the StudyThe study is significant to market regulators in that it bequeath enable them design regulatory requirements aimed at reducing inefficiencies in BRIC pullulate markets thereby increasing their ability to attract capital. The study provide also help opposed investors to gain more confidence in BRIC countries. Finally, the study will serve as a reference point for future researchers interested in conducting research on momentum profits.5. Literature Review .A momentum trading strategy is a trading strategy that is designed based on past instruction execution. The trading strategy is based on the assumption that history will repeat itself. A momentum trading strategy is therefore a strategy, which assumes that the return per stampance will persist in the medium term (Signos and Chelley, 1994).Momentum profits were first observed by Jegadeesh and Titman (1993). Accordingly, the study observed that stocks that performed well in a previous period also performed well in the flow rate period, while those that performed poorly in the previous period also performed poorly in the current period. This means that a trading strategy that went long on previous winners while shorting previous losers would response in positivist abnormal returns. In limited Jagadeesh and Titman (1993) observed the realisation of positive abnormal returns of 1 percent with the momentum strategy. In addition, a number of other studies lay down observed significa nt positive abnormal returns with the momentum trading strategy (e.g., Moskowitz and Grinblatt, 1999 Jegadeesh and Titman, 2001 Liu et al. (1999), Hong and Tonks, 2003 Gregory et al., 2001 Griffin et al., 2003 Gregory et al. 2001 Rouwenhorst 1998).The implication of the existence of such a Band Wagon (money reservation strategy) is that markets were not efficient. According to the weak- and semi-strong form efficient market hypotheses, all information available to the general public is already reflected in stock prices. This means that investors cannot realise superior risk modify returns by adopting a particular trading strategy such as the one proposed by momentum trading (Ross et al., 1999 Bodie et al., 2007).Attempts to attribute this finding to inefficient markets have been opposed by Fama and french (1993, 1995, 1996) who palisaded that observing momentum profits cannot be attributed to inefficient capital markets. Rather the single factor capital plus price flummox (CAP M) has been criticised for not being able to properly explain the variability of the cross-section of stock returns. This model suggests that stock market returns depend on a single factor (i.e., the return on the market portfolio). However, Fama and french (1993, 1995, 1996) contest this view and argue instead that stock returns could be explained by additional factors such as the book-to-market ratio and firm size. A three factor model is therefore proposed which takes into account the impact of size and book-to-market ratio and is found to perform break up than the single factor CAPM (Fama and French, 1993, 1995, 1996). In addition, the three factor model was extended to a four-factor model to include a momentum factor which measures the difference amongst the return on portfolios of stocks that performed well in the previous period and the return on portfolios of stocks that performed poorly. Including a momentum factor in the three-factor model thus do it a four-factor mode l enabled the model to be able to explain the momentum profits observed in Jagadeesh and Titman (1993) and the other studies set in the Literature. In summary, Fama and French argue that anomalies such as those observed in momentum trading cannot be attributed to inefficiencies in capital markets. Rather they should be attributed to inadequacies in the models that are employ in explaining the cross-section of stock returns.Other explanations have been offered for the observation of momentum profits. According to behavioural finance theorist, momentum profits are a result of slow movement of information. Behavioural finance theorists are against market efficiency theorists who argue that information is rapidly reflected in stock prices. Among behavioural theorists, Hong and Stein (1999) argue that momentum profits can be attributed to slow diffusion of information across interested investors. This means that some investors receive information about stock prices earlier than others and as such appropriate action faster than others. By so doing, investors who have quick access to information are capable of making superior abnormal returns while those who do not have quick access to information tend not to make superior risk-adjusted returns by utilize such information as a basis of trading. Barberis et al. (1998) argues that momentum profits can be attributed to overreaction or underreaction of stock prices to news. The explanation from behavioural theorists conflict with those of Fama and French because behavioural theorists also suggest that there is nothing like an efficient market.Given the conflict amidst behavioural theorists and proponents of market efficiency, alternative explanations have been provided by recent studies. These studies argue that momentum profits are influenced by business cycle variables (e.g., Antoniou et al., 2007 Liew and Vassalou, 1999). Contrary to this view Griffen et al. (2002) in a study examining the link between business cy cle variables and momentum profits across many countries argue that momentum profits are not a function of business cycle variables.While many studies have investigated the relationship between business cycle variables, most of these studies focus on developed markets with very little attention pay to emerging markets such as those of BRIC countries. Given the increasing role that BRIC countries play in the global economy, it is important to understand whether there are momentum profits in these countries as well as the role that business cycle risk has on momentum profits. This study is therefore a positive dance step toward contributing to the literature on momentum profits and business cycle risk by extending previous studies to stock markets in BRIC countries.5. Research MethodsThis study will employ an econometric model to study the relationship between momentum profits and three sets of variables (i) business cycle variables (ii) firm specific variables (iii) and behavioural finance variables.The relationship between momentum profits and these variables can be represented using the following econometric model (1)Where is a measure of the momentum profit of country i at in year t is a vector of firm specific variables is a vector of the past cumulative naked as a jaybird returns and are the sensitivities of the momentum profits to changes in firm-specific variables and past cumulative returns respectively. The magnitude of the effect of these variables will be determined by testing the significance of the parameters at the 5% level of significance.In order to study business cycle variables, a model was developed by Chordia and Shivakumar (2002) and later extended by Antoniou et al. (2007). The model is an econometric model which establishes the relationship between momentum profits and business cycle variables. The model can be stated as followsWhere is the return (inclusive of dividends) of firm i in month t, BC is a vector of j (j=1-6) macroecon omic variables representing business cycle variables (DY, Rf, TERM, DEF, FX, and GDP), and is the error term of stock i in month t.DY is the dividend carry Rf is the risk-free interest rate DEF is the premium for default risk premium which is estimated as the difference between the yield on long-term corporate bonds and the yield on long-term judicature bonds The term spread (TERM) is the difference between the yield on long-term government securities minus the yield on short-term government securities FX is the foreign exchange rate and GDP is the change in GDP (Antoniou et al., 2007).As earlier mentioned, stock returns depend on two factors market factors and firm-specific factors. There is a trade-off relationship between the manner in which for each one group of factors affect stock returns. That is the higher the impact of firm-specific factors, the lower will be the impact of market factors and vice versa (Antoniou et al., 2007).To estimate par (1) pars 3 has to be esti mated and its parameters used as inputs to equation (2). After estimating equation (2) its parameters can then be used as inputs to equation (1). In this study, both time-series and cross-sectional regressions are used. Cross-sectional regressions are preferred over time series regressions because they help to avoid data-snooping biases which tend to occur in time-series regressions. In the time-series regressions, individual stocks are used which help to reduce the stage of loss of information that tends to occur when portfolios are used. Using first-pass time series regression, which allows the parameters to also fluctuate with firm-specific variables. The firm-specific factors include firm size and book-to-market ratio. The first-pass time-series regression can be stated as followsis the return on firm i at time t, BC is a the vector of business cycle risk variables identified earlier, FF (Fama and French factors) are the firm-specific variables. Once equation (3) has been est imated, the parameters will be used as inputs to the second pass regression equation (4) belowWhere is the output of equation (3). It is the unexplained variation from equation (3). These include the intercept coefficient and the residual term (+) of the regression equation (3) is a vector of firm characteristics, which include firm size and book-to-market ratio for security i at time t. represent the three sets of past cumulative raw returns (for m=1-3) over the second through third base (RET 2-3), fourth through sixth (RET 4-6) and seventh through twelfth (RET 7-12) months prior to the current month t. (Antoniou et al. 2007).6. DataStock price data for stocks in the BRIC countries will be retrieved from the Thomson Financial Datastream Database. Data on dividend yields will also be retrieved from this database. The database also reports data on exchange rates. GDP, interest rate and exchange rate data will be retrieved from the IMF International Financial Statistics (IFS) databa se. Stock price data will be used to calculate the monthly return for each stock over the 60 monthly holding periods from January 2007 to December 2011. The returns will be used as inputs to the first-pass regression.ReferencesGriffin, John M., Martin, J. Spencer and Ji, Susan, Momentum Investing and Business Cycle Risk Evidence from Pole to Pole (March 18, 2002). AFA 2003 Washington, DC Meetings EFA 2002 Berlin Meetings Presented Paper. Available at SSRN http//ssrn.com/abstract=291225 or DOI 10.2139/ssrn.291225Antoniou A., Lam H. Y.T., Paudyal K. (2007). Profitability of momentum strategies in internationalistic markets The role of business cycle variables and behavioural biases. ledger of Banking & Finance volume 31, issue 3, pp. 955-972.Liew, Jimmy K.yung Soo and Vassalou, Maria, (1999). Can Book-to-Market, Size, and Momentum Be Risk Factors That Predict economical Growth? Available at SSRN http//ssrn.com/abstract=159293 or DOI 10.2139/ssrn.159293Rouwenhorst, K.G. (1998). Inte rnational momentum strategies, Journal of Finance 53, pp. 267284.Wu, X. (2002). A conditional multifactor analysis of return momentum, Journal of Banking and Finance 26 (2002), pp. 16751696Jegadeesh N., Titman S. (1998). Returns to buying winners and selling losers Implications for market efficiency, Journal of Finance 48, pp. 6591.Barberis N., Shleifer A., Vishny R.W.(1998). A model of investor sentiment, Journal of Financial Economics 49, pp. 307343.Fama E.F., French K.R. (1996). Multifactor explanations of asset pricing anomalies, Journal of Finance 51 (1996), pp. 5584.Hong H., Stein J.C. (1999). A Unified Theory of Undereaction, Momentum Trading, and Overreaction in Asset Markets. Journal of Finance. Vol. 6, pp 2143-2184Chelley-Steeley, Patricia and Siganos, Antonios, (2004). Momentum meshing in Alternative Stock Market Structures. Available at SSRN http//ssrn.com/abstract=624583

Explore the Theme of Kingship and Ruling in Sophocles’ Antigone.

In Sophocles Antig champion, the audience experiences a catharsis wherein sympathy and apprehension is evoked for Creon, a tragic hoagy whose tabbyship was spoilt by corruption, human fallibility and pride. Through fall out the gyp, Creon has demonstrated how even rulers with a strong moral stance can still fail in their attempts to do beloved, unfortunately due to exceeding the limits of their humanity. To begin, the tragedy that befalls Creon as a man devoted to his country and to his religion seems to feel undeserved.Creon declares whoever places a fri end up above the good of his own country, he is nothing as an expression of his loyalty to his State the dramatic element is accentuated through the term nothing which reverberates off the script in an echo that demands the viewers reverence and attention. In this way, Creons stance on leadership is magnanimous because Creon no longer works on the mark of his familys needs but on the order of the Gods and his state.To highligh t this, we see the chorus exclaim the king of the realm is coming whatever the gods are send now / what new plan will he launch The significance of this realm is interpreted as something divine yet disconnected from humanity, so as to highlight Creon as merely a servant to the Gods. In this sense, Creon is a character that is empathized with for his respect towards the Gods, thus his actions can be attributed to the will of the Gods. Exactly when did you last(a) see the gods celebrating traitors? Inconceiv sufficient exclaims Creon, whose actions are characterised by a morality modeled after their will. A modern audience will interpret the duty of the King to come as a direct order from the Gods, therefore whatever law Creon enacts, and whatever cause he chooses to pursue, would have been the Gods law. The hesitancy thus arises was Creons tragedy truly of his own doing? The authority of the King diminishes when put into perspective with the Gods, and the audience can view how even a man of superior set up can still be thwarted by the almighty springs of God.This, as a result, can reinforce a feeling of fear, or caution for those watching. However, one question seems to question the purity of his intentions Am I to rule this land for othersor myself? Although, contextually speaking, this question was meant to demonstrate his loyalty to the state, it does include dark, subtle undertones that could introduce Creons hidden intention. The hyphen in the ending of the question or myself? seems to delay the response and give a slight hesitance to Creons speech.The question stands does Creon make decision because he believes it is best for his country? Or does he rule because the influence of power has enabled him to act upon his own bias? Creons kingship creates an filename extension of itself with Haemon, whose flesh and inception describes how pro foundly connected Haemon is to his father. The tie between Creon and Haemon explores how kingship challenges bo th the emotional and human relationship between father and son. Perhaps he invests so much of himself into the idea of father and son, the same blood that a part of him equally dies with his son.Haemon has been included into Creons life as an indispensable structure, a gentleman inseparable piece from the framework of Creon himself. In fact, Creon cries to the harbor of Death asking why me? why are you killing me? , thereby portraying how the blood attach that connects both father and son is interwoven in their lives so that one life is married to the other. Creon describes himself as a shattered man after the stopping point of his son, thereby illuminating his vulnerability as a flawed human being.As much(prenominal), the audience, witnessing his fall, can experience a heightened catharsis knowing a man of such supremacy can crumple so easily and in such a wretched fashion. It is implied that Creon himself has the power to shape Haemons destiny and his duty as a psyche by pro ducing good sonsa household full of them, dutiful and attentive. Creon describes his son to be bred and reared for a specific purpose. Both terms produce and bred create the effect of a human fabricated at certain specifications.This puts Creon in a state of authority not only everyplace the more(prenominal)s his son must live by, but the way his son is formed as a human being, which is eerily reminiscent of the divine authorities and the power of the fates to write out a persons destiny. In a sense, Creon compares the greatness of his s all overeignty to that of the Gods, thus portraying how his power is a prerequisite to his hubris. Moreover, Creon establishes office over other men using his title as King, naturally elevating him beyond the rank of mortal men.To demonstrate his frightening autocracy, Antigone claims that the chorus would praise me too/ if their lips werent locked in fear. This fear of Creon is further bolstered by powerful oratory, which Creon uses as a tool i n commanding his peoples patriotism and emotions. The expressive visual imagery characterized of Creons speech can turn a traitor into a fiend who thirsted to drink his kinsmens blood. The impact of the words thirsted and blood stress this graphic image of death and blight, which Creon manipulates to kindle hate and passion in his people a derivest Creons enemies.Although a ruler is meant to serve the state and nurse it, Creon uses his rhetoric to advance his own beliefsa decision characterized by voraciousness. What is debatable about where Creons sense of leadership is whether he is doing this as an act of greed or an act of what he believes is correct for the state. Leading on from power, the audience understands that Creons arrogance comes from the notion that his power ennobles him beyond the ranks of mere humanity. They see him gain much more authority as a saint, savior or being closely linked to God.His sentries all address him as My lord and Creon is able to issue death sentences to reinforce his superiority. Creon uses terms that are definitive of a persons fate, despite the fact that he has no control over their fate in any substantial way Not a word of hopeyour doom is sealed. The precise diction of doom recalls the notion of a terrible fate that stretches beyond the mere human life, and forwards into the dark murkiness of afterlife. To pronounce it as sealed is to imply it is fixed Creon uses this to strike fear in the heart of Antigone, yet it also presupposes that our fates, once written, are unchangeable.The dramatic irony that comes with Creon proclaiming this as his fate is being written heightens the tragic ending of the playthe Katastasis. Creons arrogance could be seen as a shift in character from what the audience knows of Creon in Sophocles Oedipus the King. Creon once proclaimed, if you think crude, mindless stubbornness such a gift, youve lost your sense of balance as a display of humility and rationality. Before his reign as King of Thebes, Creon understood the natural traits found in a good leader involved a sense of poise and understanding of ones own limits.Yet, once he had possess the throne and all its powers, there was a change in character. All its powers incorporates the idea of excess and abundance, which is characterised as hubris, therefore the audience might feel a sense of fear for the upcoming and inevitable demise that may come for Creon. Naturally, when this power is questioned, Creons insecurities begin to appear and after some time, become more pronounced and irrational. Creon expresses his shame and his exasperation of Antigones defiance through the terms laughing, / mocking us to our face with what shed done.These words hint to a sense of stigma that comes with a woman defying the rules set out for her by the authorities that govern her. Drawing from the cultural context of Sophocles play, women were mainly viewed as lacking(p) beingsoften they were weak or even d kindleous, which makes the defiance against the state and Creons edict more grave and scandalous. Creon portrays his fear of being diminished by a woman through his cry I am not the man, not now she is the man / if this victory goes to her and she goes free. / Never because essentially, her freedom would mean his defeat, which in the end would blemish, or even completely fracture, his stature as an omnipotent ruler. Moreover, Creon becomes erratic as he is faced with his flaws as a human being. When he is commencement ceremony notified of his errors by a sentry Oh its terrible when the one who does the judging / judges things all wrong, he retaliates in a unnecessarily vicious manner you just be clever about your judgments / youll swear your dirty money brought you pain. Personally, his cruelty can be interpreted as a defending insult inflicted to shield himself from the truth of his humanity. This interpretation is supported by the way Creon storms off by turning sharply, as his actions seem to port ray a sense of flinching (characterized by sharply) annoyance. This same effect is particularly seen in Creons dialogue with Tiresias after he is told of his fate. Creons language becomes more infused with anger and insecurity, making him appear weaker you shoot your arrows at my head like archers at the target He seems to refute his own guilt, and justify imself as a person of superiority are you aware youre speaking to the king? , which makes him appear untouchable. Creons spite is felt through his sharp intonation of Spit it out and lust for injustice His reaction to his fate up until his concession is characterized by defensiveness and verbal insults, which can highlight how much of his power and glory he is afraid(p) of losing, Creon becomes frightened by the prospect wherein he would have to concede to his hamartia and undeniable fallibility as a human.The main purpose of these effects is to illuminate Creons very human flaws his insecurities, his paranoia of being thwarted by a woman of lesser importance, and his irritable temper. These flaws consequently form the nature of his demise and conclude the dance band of his journey as the Tragic Hero. Essentially, his kingship has brought upon him his downfall because power is inseparable from vanity, and vanity became the hamartia of the Creons character.

Observing Nonverbal Communication

Choose one of the following activities and record your observations in the space provided.Watch a television drama or comedy and write down all of the instances of nonverbal communication that you see. After watching the program, list each instance, classify it based on the list of types below, and start a plus sign (+) next to any example that contributed to the message and a minus sign (-) next to any that detracted from the message.Go to a park or shopping mall and sit in one spot where you can view different groups of people. Observe moods, body stance, hand gestures, eye movement, and voice pitch. circular the different types of nonverbal communication exhibited by people of different ages (e.g., between two teenagers, two children, a teenager and a parent, a child and a parent, two adults). Note any nonverbal communication that suggests that people may be making decisions or resolving conflicts. Observe carefully and take near notes.For both activities, refer to the list of the eight types of nonverbal communication as needed.body movements facial nerve expressions and eye movements self-presentation distance touch time voiceGroup of girls feeling happy later finishing their exams.It suddenly started to rain and one of the friends with high voice tone said I have brought my umbrella. She said I am not manage you guys, Who are having theirs cars and drivers( Showing angry face).All girls went for lunch giving the umbrella to the girl who was very happy about finishing her exam and felt like dancing. in the meantime the girls mother called and asked her to come home while she was leaving for London. The girlfelt nervous and was squeezing her hands.* body movement- (-) I am not like you having drivers and cars) * facial expression-(+)girls feeling happy, (-)showing angry face, (-)girl felt nervous) * self presentation- (-) the girl was squeezing her hand, (+) i have brought my umbrella. * voice-(+) I have brought my umbrella ( with high tone voice).

The Contemporary Life in Xijing, An Ancient Chinese City

In 1993 china was hit with an event that caused a ample literary and publishing earthquake The discard Capital hit bookstores in late July of 1993. This fiction is Jia Pingwas graphic and get offual explicit insight on the contemporary life in Xijing, an ancient Chinese city. The invigorated neer indicates time references but it is understood by readers that it is right after the Cultural Revolution. Jia is a well- do itn novelist that was famous for writing pure literature. So it was to everyones amazement that Jia wrote a novel that was so pornographic.The novel is about a middle-aged writer that engages in sexual immorality, deceit, and corruption. Many critics say its autobiographical but Jia denies all accusations. The Abandoned Capital was written in a way that Chinese readers have never seen before. During the Cultural Revolution self-indulgence was looked down upon, thus so was sex. The result of this was the ignorance of sexuality for the Chinese for years to com e. To some, the sixty detailed sex-scenes in the novel were the setoff off time they encountered sex.Jia, a savage from the ancient capital of Xian, admits that he put the sexual content to keep readers interested but says his novel was really about the corruption of china. He further confesses that he got all his research from maopians, porn videos. another(prenominal) reason for the shock from the novel was the fact that Jia had broken the three rules that they were so accustomed to by Chinese readers.1) He downplayed the hero describing him as a sexual pervert with no power, no money, no learn and sex was the barely way to escape his empty life. 2) He wrote explicitly about sex and 3) he did not offer a happy ending. Jia also said that he chose a writer as the main character because he knew them best. Not too existencey people see the novels true statement, which is the clear description of the Chinese social system from the inside out. Most critics see The Abandoned Capi tal as a novel with unbearable vulgar sex scenes. Yet I look at that bad press is always better than no press, and boy did Jia receive plenty of bad press. real the over all reception of the novel was pretty much fifty-fifty.Most of the elders and elites of China demanded if Jia was going to write about sex freely, why couldnt he write it with some sweetheart and depth. Even Jias fellow writers poked at his writing saying he wrote exactly the way he f***ed. And then of course there are the feminists. They see the novel as an obvious male person chauvinistic view of women. They say that in Jias eyes women are playthings, having no business in life except being the object of male appreciation and pleasure. They also added, its as if Jia has never stepped into the twentieth century.Even the author of China Pop, Jiangying Zha comments on her distaste of the novel saying all that shit As I said before, not everyone disliked the novel. Evident fans of the novel were merchants at local bookstands. The first print run of 480,000 copies was completely sold out within two months By the end of 1993 the novel had sold over a million copies. The following summer rumors of a ban on the novel began going around. This of course gave the novel even much publicity and made Chinese readers even more curious. Other fans of the novel compared D. H.Lawrences Lady Chatterlys Lover, which also contained sexual scenes, to Jias novel. One capital of Red China graduate student said reading both may cause a young man to masturbate but with Lawrence he may feel a but ashamed of himself afterwards, but never with Jia And some bluntly say, there is absolutely nothing perverse in this novels sex scenes. A friend of Jiang adds that Jia is describing Chinas current social system. With the daily transactions of power, how people hedge at all levels, the bribing, the networking, and the giving and receiving of favors. He further adds that people in the social system know the invisibl e rules, and they know they cant beat the system. They also know they can play on with this old game. It is said that no other Chinese novelist has ever illustrated this picture so well as Jia. Another friend of Jiangs is a business lawyer that agrees with the fact that The Abandoned Capital is the Chinese society in a nutshell. He even describes his encounters with taking advantage of the system. The Cultural Revolution left hand China with numerous changes.However, as noted earlier, the Cultural Revolution left China as unlettered about sex as a ten-year-old child. In the seventies sex and romance disappeared from Chinese arts and literature. During these times men and women stayed single while displaying interest only in the revolution. The children of the revolution grew up in a vacant environment. They were not taught sexual education like the U. S. Jiang herself had not learned about the birds and the bees until she was nineteen. It was so bad that movies with kissing sc enes were censored for children. During the mid- cardinalies the reform years were in full swing.With it came the market of porno. Guangdong, Fujian, and Hainan Island were the first mainland responsiblenesss to acquire the market. The flood of pornography astounded the Chinese government. There was nothing they could do to stop it. If they shut down one pornography ring a number of others would take its place. Every city and province in China has felt the effects of the flood of pornography. Some incidents include a telly send out worker that was so caught in his porno movie that he actually connected the wrong bend and aired the movie to the entire city.Some companies award clients with porn videos. By far the most excite display is children under ten were among the audience in cinemas showing porn. The lack of sexual educational programs go forth just keep this industry booming. Where else get out the Chinese fill in the blank spot all-important(a) to millions? Some par ts of the population watched their farm animals mate for their education. This led one couple to have eight years of anal intercourse I believe without proper education on any sheath leads to uninformed versions of that subject.Being a man I dont totally think pornography is bad, but it shouldnt be used for sexual education. Growing up in a Chinese family I know very well how the red children of the revolution felt. However, living in America, there were so many ways to be educated on sex. I myself learned the facts of life through television and friends. I also was privileged to receive sex education in high school. Taking sex ed really removed a lot of myths about sex for me. The times have changed and China has to change with it. China is always playing catch up to the rest of the world.Today sex is a freely talked about subject and China should realize this. Without proper sex education teenagers of China will be misled and probably endanger themselves. I believe Jia Pingwa did nt write his novel to emphasize sex. I myself havent read the novel but I do truly believe that he wrote the fictional novel to describe his feelings toward the Chinese society today. Most bold writers are often misinterpret and this case is no different. Maybe living in America all my life has given me the liberty to think this way but if China would lighten up a little it would be only then the real learning begins.